不同支持物对地灵(Stachys floridana Schuttl.ex Benth)试管苗生根的影响

以脱脂棉、琼脂、蛭石、河沙、壤土为支持物,在1/2MS+NAA1.0mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L培养基上对地灵试管苗生根情况进行了分析。结果表明,支持物对地灵的生根有明显影响,在珍珠岩、琼脂和脱脂棉中地灵的生根率均达到100%,各处理之间差异不显著;生根质量以珍珠岩中最优,幼根能产生大量多级分枝,形成较为强大的根系,且不同支持物试管苗的移栽结果也表明,珍珠岩在地灵试管苗生根中是琼脂的理想替代物。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌WB9菌株的分离、生化特性及培养基优化

对来自武夷山自然保护区非耕作区的200个土壤样品进行了苏云金芽孢杆菌的分离,获得12株菌株,分离频率为6.0%.室内感染力测定结果表明WB9菌株对小菜蛾具有高感染力、对甜菜夜蛾具有较高的感染力.生理生化指标测定结果显示WB9与库斯塔克亚种8010的反应表现型相同,仅在个别反应上有强弱差异,由此推测WB9可能属库斯塔克亚种.此外,通过正交试验设计和室内摇瓶培养,获得了优化的WB9工业培养基组合,即30.0 g.L-1玉米淀粉、20.0 g.L-1黄豆饼粉、15.0 g.L-1玉米粉、10.0 g.L-1酵母粉、2.0 g.L-1蛋白胨、15.0 g.L-1玉米浆、5.0 g.L-1CaCO3、0.3 g.L-1MgSO4.7H2O、1.0 g.L-1KH2PO4和0.02 g.L-1ZnSO4.7H2O.     

论电子媒介背景下儿童文学的阅读价值

2006年9月在中国澳门召开的国际儿童读物联盟(IBBY)第30届大会,其中的议题之一就是“儿童读物与多媒体时代”。电视、电脑等电子媒介的普及,对人们接受知识和信息的方式以及生活方式产生了深刻影响,特别是对儿童的学习方式、游戏方式以及心灵发育、思维养成都产生着不可低估的影响。本文就电子媒介正在影响儿童身心发育的现实状况进行分析,提出重新认识儿童文学之于儿童精神建构的重要性,呼吁重视儿童文学阅读对于儿童心灵成长的精神价值,有针对性地倡导家庭和学校重视儿童文学阅读。     

Effects of permanent magnetic fields on the proliferation of Phalaenopsis protocorm-like bodies using liquid medium

Magnetic fields (MFs) have been applied for the first time in orchid micropropagation. Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) – approximately 3 mm in diameter – first derived from leaf segment culture of Phalaenopsis Gallant Beau ‘George Vazquez’, were subcultured every 2 months, and served as initial explants. The proliferation of Phalaenopsis PLBs in liquid medium in the Miracle Pack^® culture system was affected by the action of different intensities and polarities of MFs: 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 Tesla (T) at North (N) and South (S) poles. The MF of 0.1 T – S resulted in the greatest fresh weight of regenerated PLBs. The average number of neo-PLBs formed per clusters in the PLB treated by MF: 0.1–0.2 T was decreased compared to the control exposed to natural MF (5 × 10⁻⁶ T). The proliferation of PLBs under 0.15 T – MF at both N and S poles for 2 and 7 weeks demonstrated that a longer duration of exposure to an MF of 0.15 T, regardless of the polarity, resulted in greater biomass of newly formed PLBs and smaller average number of newly formed PLBs. The S pole of MF had stronger effects on Phalaenopsis PLBs proliferation than the N pole did in all treatments.     

不同基质对杜鹃红山茶容器苗生长的影响

以杜鹃红山茶为供试材料,设置8种不同基质栽培处理,比较分析不同基质栽培对杜鹃红山茶地径、苗高、叶片数和总叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明:S5(50%椰糠+40%泥炭藓+5%珍珠岩+5%粗河砂)、S6(50%腐熟木屑+20%泥炭藓+20%椰糠+5%珍珠岩+5%粗河砂)、S7(50%椰糠+20%珍珠岩+20%蛭石+10%粗河砂)3种混合基质配比物理化学性质稳定,有机质含量较高,且能较大地增加杜鹃红山茶苗木的地径、苗高、叶片数和叶绿素含量,有效促进杜鹃红山茶对养分的吸收和生长,是较为理想的配比组合,建议在生产上推广应用。     

Cloned calves derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos cultured in chemically defined medium or modified synthetic oviduct fluid

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is considered to be a critical tool for propagating valuable animals. To determine the productivity calves resulting from embryos derived with different culture media, enucleated oocytes matured in vitro were reconstructed with fetal fibroblasts, fused, and activated. The cloned embryos were cultured in modified synthetic oviduct fluid (mSOF) or a chemically defined medium (CDM) and developmental competence was monitored. After 7 days of culturing, the blastocysts were transferred into the uterine horn of estrus-synchronized recipients. SCNT embryos that were cultured in mSOF or CDM developed to the blastocysts stages at similar rates (26.6% vs. 22.5%, respectively). A total of 67 preimplantational stage embryos were transferred into 34 recipients and six cloned calves were born by caesarean section, or assisted or natural delivery. Survival of transferred blastocysts to live cloned calves in the mSOF and the CDM was 18.5% (to recipients), 9.6% (to blastocysts) and 42.9% (to recipients), 20.0% (to blastocysts), respectively. DNA analysis showed that all cloned calves were genetically identical to the donor cells. These results demonstrate that SCNT embryos cultured in CDM showed higher viability as judged by survival of the calves that came to term compared to blastocysts derived from mSOF cultures.     

Temporal association of potato tuber development with susceptibility to common scab and Streptomyces scabiei‐induced responses in the potato periderm

Using hydroponics and novel non‐destructive pot culture systems which enable inoculation at specific tuber development stages, the dynamics of common scab infection patterns in potato were studied in order to provide more precise identification of tuber physiological factors associated with susceptibility. At the whole‐tuber level, infection percentages were greatest when Streptomyces scabiei inoculation occurred early; at 2 weeks after tuberization (WAT) 68% of tubers became infected, contrasting with late inoculation (8 WAT), when only 4% infection occurred. The first‐formed internodes were most susceptible to infection, whilst later‐forming and slower‐expanding internodes were less susceptible. Detailed tuber physiological examination of internode 2 showed that pathogen‐induced changes, including increased phellem (periderm) thickness, cell layers and phellem suberization (key physiological features believed critical to S. scabiei infection) were promoted through S. scabiei inoculation. Sequential harvesting showed enhanced phellem suberization (28% greater than the control) within 7 days of pathogen exposure, while phellem thickness and layer responses were also initiated early in the infection process (10–14 days after pathogen exposure) and these responses were independent of symptom expression. Differences in cultivar response were observed, with greater phellem suberization observed 10 days after tuberization (DAT) in the common‐scab‐tolerant cv. Russet Burbank than in the susceptible cv. Desiree. Likewise, Russet Burbank had thicker and more numerous cell layers in the phellem (up to eight cell layers) during early tuber growth (20–30 DAT) than Desiree (up to six cell layers).     

育苗基质不同施肥量对茄果类蔬菜幼苗生长的影响

运用正交试验设计 ,在以草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩为原料的育苗基层中 ,加入不同浓度的氮、磷、钾肥料 ,对番茄、茄子和甜椒幼苗生长的影响进行了研究。结果表明 ,不同肥料品种与施肥量对茄果类蔬菜幼苗生长的影响具有显著差异 ,特别是增施磷肥可使幼苗株高和干物重增加 ,其相关性达到显著或极显著水平 ,是培育优质壮苗的重要营养元素 ;同时 ,要注意氮、磷、钾肥料配合使用 ,以提高壮苗水平。供试育苗基质的最佳N、P2 O5、K2 O施肥量分别为 :番茄 0 .2kg/m3、0 .4kg/m3、0 .2kg/m3,茄子 0 .8kg/m3、0 .4kg/m3、0 .2kg/m3,甜椒 0 .4kg/m3、0 .4kg/m3、0 .4kg/m3。     

毛管逆滤渗污水净化反应器原理研究及室内试验验证

污水回用是解决城市缺水问题的一条有效途径。该文提出了一种新方法，尝试利用多孔介质毛细管作用过滤生活污水。制造了4个毛管逆滤渗污水净化器，采用普通河砂作为过滤介质进行了室内试验。试验采用两个因素：水势差、滤池内外径比。水势差选取4个水平：0.11、0.26、0.41、0.56 m，外层与内层水池直径比选取3个水平：14/6、12/6、10/6，以研究利用毛细管作用净化污水的可行性，并定量确定水势差及内外层水池的相对大小对该系统运行效果的影响。用反应器去除污水COD的多少来评价过滤效果。结果表明，过滤速度及净化效果与水势差之间呈极显著的对数相关关系，两者都随着水势差的增大而提高。当水势差为0.56 m时，COD的去除率可高达80%左右，过滤速度可以高达0.15 m/h。外层与内层水池的直径比(D/d)越大滤速越小,但该比值对COD的去除率无明显影响。该装置在运行过程中，污水被过滤介质所覆盖，有效地避免了污水的刺激性气味和蚊蝇孳生对周边环境的影响。